Fi 360 Week 2 Free Essays

3-2. Dixon Shuttleworth has a large sum of money that he wants to invest to finance his retirement. He has been presented with three options. We will write a custom essay sample on Fi 360 Week 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first investment offers a 5% return for the first five years, a 10% return for the next five years, and a 20% return thereafter. The second investment offers 10% for the first ten years and 15% thereafter. The third investment offers a constant 12% rate of return. Determine which of these investments the best for Dixon is if he plans to retire in the following number of years. a. ifteen years b. twenty years c. thirty years 3-4. You have a trust fund that will pay $1 million exactly ten years from today. You want cash now, so you are considering an opportunity to sell the right to the trust fund to an investor. a. What is the least you will sell your claim for if you could earn the following rates of return on similar risk investments during the ten-year period? a. 6% b. 9% c. 12% b. Rework part (A) under the assumption that the $1 million payment will be received in fifteen rather than ten years. c. Based on your findings in parts (a) and (b), discuss the effect of both the size of the rate of return and the time until receipt of payment on the present value of future sum. 3-5. You have saved $10,000 toward a down payment on a home. The money is invested in an account earning 7% interest. You will be ready to purchase the new home once your savings account grows to $25,000. d. Approximately how many years will it take for the account to reach $25,000? e. If the interest rate doubles to 14%, how many years will pass before you reach your $25,000 target? 3-10. Liliana Alvarez’s employer offers its workers a two-month paid sabbatical every seven years. Liliana, who just started working for the firm, plans to spend her sabbatical touring Europe at an estimated cost of $25,000. To finance her trip, Liliana plans to make six annual end-of-year deposits of $2,500 each, starting this year, into an investment account earning 8% interest. d. Will Liliana’s account balance at the end of seven years be enough to pay for her trip? e. Suppose Liliana increases her annual contribution to $3,150. How large will her account balance be at the end of seven years? How to cite Fi 360 Week 2, Essay examples

War Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327 BC-70 BC free essay sample

Critical analysis of work William Harris on reasons for effects of Romes expansionist policy. Ancient Rome developed from a small prehistoric settlement on the Tiber River in Latium in central Italy into an empire that encompassed all of the Mediterranean world, and the civilization that resulted formed the basis for modern Western civilization. The history of Rome can be divided into three major epochs: the kingship from the legendary foundation of Rome to 509 BC; the republic from 509 BC to 31 BC; and the empire, which survived until Rome finally fell to the German chieftain Odoacer in AD 476. The genius of the Romans lay in the military, in government administration, and in the law, and they valued crafty diplomacy as much as military discipline. The Romans conquered Greece, adopting Greek culture and transmitting it to the medieval world. Unlike the Greeks, they did not develop a philosophical theory of state and society. We will write a custom essay sample on War Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327 BC-70 BC or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead, they were the practitioners of

The Crucible written by Arthur Miller Essay Example For Students

The Crucible written by Arthur Miller Essay The Crucible written by Arthur Miller is about the mass hysteria, which led to the 1692 Salem Witch Trials, which resulted in many people being persecuted. The Crucible is based on people living in the Puritan times. Everyone was supposedly pure and followed Christian activity. Abigail Williams plays a key figure whose activities are crucial to the development of the play. Abigail is a girl of seventeen Abigails age was risen for the play who is an orphan; her parents were killed by Red Indians. Abigail lives with her uncle Reverend Parris and her cousin Betty, daughter of Reverend Parris. Tituba is the slave of Parris household who comes from Barbados. One night of teenage fun, ends in persecution of many innocents. Abigail, Betty, Tituba and many other girls from the village, which include Mercy and Mary Warren, were in the forest dancing and enjoying them selves. Tituba sang her Barbados songs and the girls danced and cast spells for fun. The story tells us Abigail drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor. Abigail previously worked for the Procters until Elizabeth Goody Proctor discharged her; Goody in these terms was short for good wife. Abigail had an affair with Elizabeth Proctors husband John Proctor that led to her dismissal. Reverend Parris caught the girls that night in the forest, Betty was so shocked and stunned she has been lying in bed for a while with hardly making any communication with her family. Abigail is an arrogant and deceiving girl. She has many unattractive qualities; this could be due to her witnessing her parents death when she was young. Brought up without love and affection from her parents affect her personality when growing up. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible written by Arthur Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On her first entrance she is described as having an endless capacity of dissembling pretending or deceiving this shows anything she says or does cannot be trusted. She has a strong personality with which she can easily manipulate people. Abigails beauty is important as it shows how she tempted John Proctor. Abigail is described as all worry and apprehension and propriety this helps understand why she acts in the way she does later in the play. Uncle the rumour of witchcraft is all about; I think youd better go down and deny it yourself Abigail suggests that Reverend Parris should confront his congregation. Abigail may sense that it would more in her interest to eliminate the rumours of witchcraft now, than to wait until the witchcraft scare takes hold. Reverend Parris is pressed to tell, which suggests he finds the suggested course of action unattractive. His disclosure that he discovers his daughter and Abigail dancing in the forest reveals his fears. In a Puritan community all acts of levity such as dancing was severely frowned upon. If you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it Abigail is pressed to tell the truth, or a version that would satisfy the congregation. Reverend Parris makes it clear what things are important to him; he is afraid of ruin and afraid for himself. Ill be whipped if I must beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Bettys not witched Abigail confesses that they danced in the forest, and expects she may be whipped for it. She says Betty is not witched but Betty is clearly frightened of the consequences of what she has done and of having been discovered by her father, the Minister. Abigails version of the truth of what happened in the forest may be a reasonable description of the likely sequence of events, but many may not believe what Abigail says. Abigail when forced with accusations, her reactions quickly change from innocence to terror once she realises what Reverend Parris actually saw in the forest. Abigails tendency to lie shows when she talks to her uncle about a dress. A dress? Abigail says innocently Aye a dress. And I thought I saw someone naked running through the trees Parris find this difficult to say. No one was naked! You mistake yourself uncle! She says in terror. The fact she is in terror and later in the act has a conversation with Mercy telling her, her uncle saw her naked Mercy tells us Abigail is definitely lying. Reverend Parris feels he is only now gaining respect from the community and that Abigail may compromise his very character. It is ironic that Abigail feels the weight of truth upon herself. Truth is something Abigail values les s than self-preservation. Reverend Parris states that he has given her a home to live in, put clothes on her back, laid food on the table for her, and now he is asking for her to give him an upright answer. Reverend Parris has to question Abigails innocence and reputation. Your name in the town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it is entirely white is it not? There be no blush about my name Abigail is saying she has nothing to be ashamed of and that there is no strain on her character. But in reality she doesnt really think that. Abigail resents the fact that her name her character is being compromised in the eyes of the local people. This is the first reference of name in this community. Name was very important in communities like these. The subject of name rises many times in the play. One of which included John Proctors speech before he was to hang. Elizabeth Proctor says she rarely comes to church, as she will not sit so close to something soiled. Parris questions what signified this remark. Why Abigail is seven months out of the Proctors household and why still no one has called for her services. My name is good in the village and I will not have it said my name is soiled Abigail believes her character is known for good reasons in the village and her name will not be ruined. Elizabeth Proctors remark gives an indication of the underlying cause of tensions between Elizabeth Proctor, Abigail and John Proctor. Here we see Abigails feelings toward Goody Proctor. Words Abigail uses in reference to Elizabeth Proctor include hate, bitter and lying. These words are used to describe Goody Proctor but are really describing Abigails character. When Abigail is questioned she becomes more and more annoyed. Living in a close-knit community where everybody knows or tries to know his or her neighbours business. .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .postImageUrl , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:hover , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:visited , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:active { border:0!important; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:active , .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uefcd8d1da8672e4c5454f80f1a9c862b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Crucible, By Arthur Miller, Is A Fact-based Story About A Town Cal EssayAbigails departure from the Proctors household clearly generated rumours. The longer Abigail remains unemployed the more the gossip will circulate, and the more bitterly Abigail will feel. Abigail is the first to demonstrate the effects of fear, immediately denying her part in the dancing fiasco and accusing others. A pattern that occurs throughout the witch-hunt. Abigail has a strong and dominant character. This shows when she is talking to Mercy about Betty and what they are going to do. Have you tried beatin her? Here let me have her Mercy asks. Mercy moves towards Betty. Abigail holds her back, not out of concern to what she might do to Betty, but for the fear of being found out. Abigail is in hurry to talk to Mercy so they can get their story straight. Mary Warren enters a servant to John Proctor, she is described as a subservient, naive, lonely girl. Her naivety and loneliness make it easier for people to influence her, as does her subservience. She falls easy prey to the demands of Abigail and Mercy. As Betty awakens, Abigail interrogates her, which shows Abigails ruthlessness. Abigail shakes Betty furiously. Bettys frantic response and her cries for her mother are to be expected bearing in mind pressures from her friends, the activities she took part in, the Puritan community she lives in and the fact that her father is the Minister of that community. You drank blood, Abby! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! Betty screams. This is an important allegation made by Betty. It tells us even further Abigails hate towards Elizabeth Proctor. This shows how greatly Abigail wants to be with John Proctor and that night in the forest Abigails charm/spell was more of a serious tone than to that of the other girls. From trying to persuade her uncle to tell at the beginning of the play, Abigail has now reached a point where she is forced by recent events to threaten the other girls into silence. Abigails character shows her domineering and angry side when she silences the girls by threatening them. I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you Abigail threatens the girls if they dare even breathe a word about anything that as happened. I saw Red Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine This tells us Abigail witnessed her parents death. Abigail will pay revenge if they uttered a word about anything that happened in the forest that night, especially that of Abigails doings. As Betty whimpers away again, the spotlight turns onto the arrival John Proctor. The relationship between Abigail and John Proctor is suggested in many ways. Abigail looks at him wide-eyed, she refers to his strength, she laughs nervously, and she has a winningly wicked air. John Proctor hasnt come five miles to see a silly girl fly. John Proctor is curious to know what mischief Reverend Parris is brewing. Abigail implies that he didnt travel all the way just to see a girl fly; she believes he has come to see her. John may be telling the truth that he has come to see what is going on, but then at the beginning of Act 2 when John Proctor comes back from Salem he lies to his wife, when she questions him about where he was, he replies I were planting far out the forest edge I believe his full intention wasnt to see Abigail, he didnt mention his visit to Salem because he didnt want his wife to raise wrong suspicions. Abigail is seen in many different emotional conditions. She is volatile and therefore very dangerous. Her reference to John Proctor as sweating like a stallion confirms her animal attraction that she finds in Proctor. Her remarks suggest that John Proctor isnt all perfect her hatred for Goody Proctor is shown, and it shows why. Abigail thinks she knows John Proctor only after having had sexual relations with him, she is certain she knows what he thinks. John Proctor doesnt want any involvement with Abigail as he pushes her away, but Abigail is persistent. John Proctor isnt infatuated with her as the play tells us he us sympathetic but firm. John Proctor does become angry. John Proctor shakes Abigail when she badmouths Goody Proctor calling her a cold, snivelling woman. The shaking indicates the physical nature of Proctor and Abigails past relationship. Abigails little speech I look for John Proctorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. could be seen as moving and genuine or just pretence. Abigail may have found love in Proctor. After having seen her parents killed finding love in him could leave her bewildered and infatuated with John Proctor which it does. Abigail accusation against Proctor shows the true nature of their relationship. Proctor does not deny what Abigail says he just turns abruptly to go out. He may be regretting his past relations with Abigail and has no answer for her accusations or disgusted by the imaginings of his dismissed servant. I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! This comment shows the difference between the communitys Christian appearance and its very unchristian reality. When Betty wakes and cries out, Abigail is quick to say the sound of the congregation singing the lords name as the reason for her crying out. Mrs Putnam another villager whose own daughter is not well makes the very dangerous connection between the crying out because of the singing and witchcraft. Reverend Parris calls Reverend Hale to come to Salem. Reverend Hale is an expert on witchcraft. He is called to answer many questions the villagers are desperate to know. He comes to examine Betty after Abigail made accusations against Tituba the slave from Barbados. Abigail makes hysterical accusations against various people accusing them of witchcraft. Abigail is only accusing people to take the spotlight off herself, and nobody could rouse suspicions that she may be involved in witchcraft. When Reverend Hale discovers of the dancing in the forest, Abigail is under direct attack from him, which she tries to find her way out of. Tituba is brought back into the scene and used as a scapegoat for the other girls who were in the forest that night, but first Abigail tries to wake Betty and get her to admit what actually happened. As Abigail talks about the devil constantly and associating the devil with various people, it makes her centre of interrogation which makes her desperate. .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .postImageUrl , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:hover , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:visited , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:active { border:0!important; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:active , .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2 .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ca1af215005cd5584043b83d16964a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald EssayTitubas reappearance turns the spotlight away from Abigail. Tituba makes a genuine response to Abigails accusation. When people are accused of witchcraft, they begin by denying their involvement but when they discover that denials are useless they begin to acknowledge the supposed sin and plead for forgiveness and start to accuse others in hope of saving themselves. This is the exact action of what Abigail had done. Abigails tells that Tituba makes her laugh when she is at prayer, Reverend Parris quickly acknowledges this. Abigail stretches her story with details that leave Tituba in a very awkward situation. Abigail is clever to use her own failings to implicate Tituba. This accusation satisfies Reverend Hale and having made his mind up that Tituba is behind the whole affair. I want to open myself Abigail is afraid that Tituba will name her or feels this is her only chance of escape. Abigail is merely only trying to protect herself. Bettys sudden interruption has a major effect on the company around her. Reverend Hale sees this as proof that the girls were bewitched and now the spell had been broken. Abigails outburst is seen when she talks in great glee. Abigail takes this moment and enjoys it. She is no longer under interrogation or under the threat of getting a whipping. She takes everyone attention and it is now them who are under her influence. The witch-hunt now begins and will rapidly include the whole of the community. Abigails relationship with Reverend Parris is hardly close to a father-daughter one. I feel Reverend Parris has to care for Abigail, after her parents were killed leaving her as an orphan. Reverend Parris would like to treat Abigail and Betty equally but of course Betty would be his priority because she is his own daughter. Abigail doesnt seem to have much respect for Reverend Parris, after he has brought her up and looked after her. Abigail seems to find it easy to lie to him, which shows Abigail is not close to Reverend Parris. Abigail even steals his money and feels no guilt later in the play. Abigails relationship with the other girls seems to be the most influential. Abigail can control them and they are influenced buy her. Elizabeth Proctor makes a remark about Abigails authority over the girls in just a short while. Abigail brings the girls into the court, and where she walks the crowd will part like the sea for Israel We see Abigails power over the girls when she silences them in not to talk about that night in the forest, but the major influence of Abigail over the girls is shown in court during the witch-hunt trials. Abigail will show resentment and hate towards Mary Warren after John Proctor persuaded Mary Warren to tell the truth in court that Mary and the other girls did not see spirits in the forest that night and the poppet Elizabeth Proctor has was given by Mary Warren Youre coming with me to court Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. You will tell the court how that poppet came here and who stuck the needle in Mary Warren gave Elizabeth Proctor a poppet as a gift. Abigail has now accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. Abigail exclaims that Elizabeth put needles on the parts of the bodies in the poppet and cursed that Abigail would feel pain in those parts of the body. Abigail is lying and trying to get revenge on Elizabeth for many reasons. One is the fact that John Proctor is her husband Proctor is not interested in Abigail and the fact Elizabeth discharged her from the Proctors house. When Mary was in court with John and the other girls, Abigails acting skills came, which deserved an academy award. Abigail, with a weird, wild, chilling cry screams to the ceiling. You will not! Begone! Begone, I say! Abigail pointing with fear, is now raising up her frightened-the girls are doing the same Mercy follows with the act that there is something up at the ceiling. Its on the beam! Behind the rafter! The girls say they see a bird. They say Mary has changed her figure into a bird and is on the beam. Mary denies this and Reverend Hale also present in court says he doesnt see anything and the girls are pretending. The girls become hysterical. Mary screams that she isnt doing anything. Everything Mary shouts back at them all the girls repeat everything she says. Mary becomes mad. Mary: Im here, Im here! Girls: Im here, Im here! Mary starts whimper, so do the girls. Mary has fallen into Abigail trap and becomes powerless she has little chance of survival. She gives into Abigail. Mary decides that now she has no power her choice is to turn against John Proctor. Proctor is stunned. All the girls are again falling under Abigails authority. John Proctor starts to lose faith in the justice system after Mary accuses him of conversing with the devil. Danforth the judge of the court, orders Proctor to be taken to jail, after Proctor makes a blasphemous comment. I say I say God is dead! Abigails doings brought so much pain and even led to death of many. While John is in jail to hang, Abigail makes an attempt to persuade John into running away with her. Abigail has stolen Reverend Parris money and she tells Proctor that they can catch the next boat and run far away. Proctor is not interested. Abigail runs away by herself as she knows people will find put eventually that she was a fraud. Her theft and subsequent flight are serious implications towards Danforth as he believed her thought on how God was speaking through her. Abigail unfortunately was a self-absorbed, opportunistic, vain, dominating, arrogant and most of all a very cunning girl.

Marketing Social †Spanish Essay

Marketing Social – Spanish Essay Free Online Research Papers Marketing Social Spanish Essay As empresas hoje tà ªm investido claramente em novas estratà ©gias para permanecerem ativas no mercado e com um com um grande nà ºmero de clientes fieis ao seu produto ou servià §o, e o Marketing Social tem sido uma grande arma usada nesta batalha. Este segmento do marketing consiste na apresentaà §o por parte das empresas ao seu pà ºblico consumidor, de suas melhores aà §Ãƒ µes e os seus compromissos assumidos pela melhoria da sociedade, passando a ganhar com esta nova filosofia empresarial. Utilizando-se do Marketing Social, as empresas passam a ganhar em imagem juntos aos seus clientes e por conseqà ¼Ãƒ ªncia disto, tornam-se mais empticas para a divulgaà §o de seus produtos e servià §os, j que estes hoje preferem prestigiar empresas que se preocupem ativamente na soluà §o de diversos problemas que atingem a sociedade de nosso paà ­s. A conscià ªncia dos problemas sociais que tanto afetam nossa sociedade, o compromisso e empenho daqueles que tentam diminuà ­-los, so valores mais respeitados pelos consumidores do que confianà §a, qualidade, garantia, e servià §os, os quais, na atualidade, so vistos como obrigatà ³rios. Por fim, as importà ¢ncias dadas pelos empresrios fazem parte da estratà ©gia de negà ³cio da empresa, para que possam redundar em benefà ­cios finais para ela prà ³pria, portanto, os seus investimentos devem ser direcionados para segmentos sociais que tudo tenham a ver com a filosofia da empresa. Research Papers on Marketing Social - Spanish EssayDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part One

Economic Profile for the Airline Industry Essay

Economic Profile for the Airline Industry - Essay Example In the end the paper observes the influence of governmental policies on the success and failure of the airline industry. The deregulation of the US airline industry preceded that in the European market by approximately 10 years (Alderighi et al, 2004, p. 2). Still, on both continents the process of deregulation and privatization induced important structural changes. Deregulation allowed many carriers to sign alliances to exploit economies of scale (Alderighi et al, 2004, p. 2); reduced price levels and expanded the number of services. It affected the industry structure and dynamics both on the supply and demand side. In the airline industry there are two types of companies - traditional carriers and low cost firms (Alderighi et al, 2004, p. 7). Traditional companies offer products with different quality - economy and business - at different prices and can provide a full range of products and services at a higher cost. Low-cost carriers offer a restricted range of services at much lower prices. This is so, because traditional full-service carriers "with hub-and-spoke systems" have a high cost business model, while low cost carriers have a low cost business model (Gillen et al, 2004). Price elasticity of supply measures how the supplied quantity responds to changes in prices (Mankiw, p. 100). In the light of the airline industry, elasticity of supply means the extent to which airline companies can adjust the number of flights for the different airline segments. Given the high maintenance costs, intensive capital structure within the industry (Skapinker, 2001), also the strict regulations and reduced flexibility in market behavior, there are not many opportunities for quick changes in airline travel supply, meaning that in the short-run supply is inelastic. Over the long-run period, though, as history has proven, the industry can adapt to changing demand. One example is the deregulation in the industry that significantly increased supply over the past 20 years (Alderighi, 2004). 5. Industry demand The process of globalization has increased mobility of goods and people (Alderighi et al, 2004, p. 3). On one hand expansion of cargo transport has significantly increased the demand for airline transport. On the other, tourist travelers increasingly enjoy the comfort of airlines. It can therefore be concluded that the airline market demand comprises of different market segments, based on consumer type, distance and location. Business travelers form the so called "strong market" (Adlerighi et al, 2004, p. 7) whereas the weak market comprises of leisure travelers. Additionally, the travel market is divided into long-haul and short-haul travel, and international, and North American long haul travel (Gillen et al, 2004). 6. Price elasticity of demand Price elasticity of demand measures the degree of responsiveness to change in prices of fares (Mankiw, p. 90). Because the airline industry demand is formed by two very different types of consumers - business and leisure - there is no single elasticity value for the airline travel demand (Gillen et al, 2004). Price elasticity of demand is also influenced by time and distance aspects. This is so, because

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Research Paper Example Additionally, the multitasking function of Oss also helps one or more programs to run simultaneously rewarding the virtues of real time function which allows users to obtain responses instantly for the input. The priority of OS in the modern scenario evolved to make the workload easier for the end users of computing systems which involves a coating of software which takes into account the technical aspects of computer operations. Notably, in the current scenario, there are varieties of OSs (Foster & Bachmann, 2005). In the context of this research study, the OSs including iOS, Android and Palm OS have been explained briefly. Hence, the scheduling, processes involved and security aspects of these OSs have been discussed henceforth. The study also reflects a brief comparison between these three OSs with relation to their application and uses. The study also reflects the future of the OSs taken into account in this study, concerning the modern scenario. Broader Description of Mobile Dev ice OSs iOS, Android, Palm OS iOS iOS is an OS established and distributed by Apple Incorporation, one of the leading global consumer electronics organizations. This particular OS has been promoted as an extended form of application to support the various innovative products of Apple such as iPad and Apple TV. iOS is noted as compatible with iPhones and iPods too. Contextually, the OS tends to manage the hardware of the device and offer technologies that are required to implement the applications (Apple Developer, 2013). Concerning the processes of iOS, it can be observed to involve three phases of development processes. In the initial phase, the applications required for the development of iOS is accumulated and encumbered to devices for multiple times to test functionality, designing efficiency and bug testing. The stages involved within the developing phase are broadly illustrated in the following flow chart (Apple Developer, 2013). In the second phase, i.e. termed as the AdHoc p hase, the configured iOS is used to test the application which has been downloaded from the application store of the Apple product. The next stages of AdHoc emphasizes on compiling the applications and installing it in the devices for further testing. Subsequently, the last phase includes the distribution process of the products which have already been configured with the applications and tested for the ultimate customers (Apple Developer, 2013). In this context, the iOS applications has been developed in synchronization to iTunes in particular (Apple Developer, 2013). The fundamentals for automatically scheduling iOS comprises of certain stages which mainly encompass the ‘jail broken iOS device’, elementary knowledge of Secure Shell (SSH) and its applications, focus on the acquaintance with terminal commands and knowledge of â€Å"bundle identifier† names for the applications to be executed appropriately (Apple Developer, 2013). Another significant feature of an y OS can be identified as its memory. The management of memory, in an OS, is a process that involves memory allocations during program’s runtime. It is in this context that a well scripted program such as iOS uses as little memory as possible (Apple Developer, 2013). In the similar context, the aspects related with security in boot chain, runtime process and signing of code during the application of iOS, helps to confirm that only reliable code and applications

The Haber process for optimum performance

The Haber process for optimum performance Research Question: What are the conditions for running the Haber process for optimum performance Abstract In this essay I will find out what are the best conditions for the production of the maximum yield in the Haber process, by running simulations of the Haber process at different conditions to determine the best conditions. From the Experiment I found that the lowest temperature possible and the highest pressure possible would provide the best conditions to operate the Haber process at for the maximum yield possible. Introduction The Haber process is an important Process used in chemical Industry to manufacture Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen that originate in the air. The reason why its very important is it turns an inert gas Nitrogen (N2) and a very volatile and reactive gas Hydrogen (H2) into ammonia which is a stable compound but reactive enough to be used in different aspects. Why was the Haber process discovered? During the First World War Britain Cut off Germany Supply route to Chiles salt peter natural deposits (Quotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process#History) Since the Allies (Russian Empire,United Kingdom,France,Canada,Australia,Italy, theEmpire of Japan,Portugaland theUnited States) (Quotehttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090621130235AABthrs) has gained control over the natural deposits of saltpetre from natural deposits found in Chile, therefore cutting off Germanys access to materials that the needed to produce necessary items such as food, guns, bombs other war materials. Germany has to find ways to produce its own hence the Haber process which was discovered in 1909 by a German chemist named Fritz Haber to produce ammonia was set into industrial scale in 1913; the produced ammonia was later processed into a Synthetic Form of Chile saltpetre Introduction (Part 2) The Haber process is the process that uses extracted nitrogen from the atmosphere and reacts the nitrogen (N2) gas would react with 3 moles of hydrogen (H2) gas by using a medium temperature around 473K-673K (200- 400oC) High atmospheric pressures such as 250 atmospheres (25331250 Pascal) and a catalyst to create ammonia (NH3). Due to advancements made to technology we are able to do reaction at extremely high temperatures such as 2300K (2026oC) and we know that a reaction occurs faster when conducted at the highest temperature possible but the Haber processs success is not calculated on the speed of the reaction but on the yield of the ammonia that is produced during the reaction. Although increasing the temperate would surly increase the rate of reaction in a normal forward reaction the problem with using this method on the Haber process is its not a normal forward reaction type of reaction but is an equilibrium type of reaction. The Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. N2(g) + 3H2(g) Very High heat, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Reducing the temperature will cause the equilibrium system to change the point of equilibrium to minimise the effect of the change, and hence it will produce more heat due to an increase the exothermic reaction therefore causing the wanted increase in the yield of ammonia. N2(g) + 3H2(g) Low heat, High pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia However, the rate of the reaction at very lower temperatures is exceptionally slow, and so a higher temperature should be used to increase the speed of the reaction which results in a lower yield of ammonia but a temperature low enough to create more ammonia than use in the reverse reaction hence we have the final equation is an which an above normal ammonia production. N2(g) + 3H2(g) High TEmperature, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Increasing the pressure condition of the haber chamber causes the equilibrium position to shift to the right resulting in an increased yield of ammonia because ammonia has more gas molecules (more moles) on the left hand side or the forward reaction of the equation (4 in total 3 Hydrogen and 1 Nitrogen) than there are on the right hand side or backwards reaction of the equation (2 in total 2NH3). N2 + 3H2(g) High Temperature, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Increasing the pressure means the system will have to adjust to reduce the effect of the change, which is reducing the pressure built up by reducing the amount of moles that can be located in the equilibrium reaction. The most important use of nitrogen is in making ammonia (NH3), which is a colourless gas with a strong odour, similar to the smell of urine. The reason is because urine contains some ammonia. The production of ammonia changes the non oxidation properties of nitrogen as the Oxidation reaction. Pharmaceuticals Used in the manufacture of drugs such as sulphonamide which inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria buy the removal of replacing the aminobenzoic acid for the synthesis of folic acids and minerals as well as vitamins and thiamine. http://www.ausetute.com.au/haberpro.html Fertilizer A major use of ammonia is in making fertilizers. Ammonia can be used directly as fertilizer by adding it to irrigation water for plants that needing much nitrogen. It is also used to produce the urea (NH2CONH2), which is used as a fertilizer. Another important use of ammonia is to create nitric acid (HNO3), which is then also used to make fertilizer the Haber Process didnt lonely provide the Germans with Saltpetre but revolutionized the agriculture industry with an increased yield in crop production enabling them to continue. Cleaning Products Many people use household ammonia as a disinfectant. Nitric acid-made form ammonia-is used in explosives. Ammonia is also used in the plastic industry and as a feed supplement for livestock. The dipole moment of this compound and this is consistent with its geometry, a triangular Pyramid due to its electronic arrangement obeying the octet rule, Four pairs of electrons three bonding pairs and one lone pair repel each other giving the molecule the triangular pyramid shape of bond angles of 107 degrees is close to the tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees. The electronic arrangement of the valence electrons in nitrogen is described as sp3 hybridization of atomic orbitals. The NH3 molecules and their ability to make hyrodgen bonds explains thir polarity and high solubility of ammonia in water. A chemical reaction occurs when ammonia dissolues in water as it acts as a base acquiring a hydrogen ion from H2O to ammonium and hydroxides ions NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) The production of hydroxide ions when ammonia dissolves in water gives the solution of ammonia its alkaline characteristics (basic properties), The double arrow in the equation states that an equilibrium has been reached between the dissolved ammonia gas and ammonium ions. The ammonium ion acts as a weak acid aqueous solution because it dissociates to form Hydrogen ion and ammonia. (Shakhashiri, 2008) This is why dissolved ammonia is used in cleaning products because its able to react with both and acid stain and alkaline stain meaning its an all round cleaning products even though the acid is weak its strong enough to deal with domestic stains. Explosives Sodium Nitrate is a Chemical compound with the chemical compound of NaNo3 has been referred to as Chile saltpetre before. And is produced by a reaction of a metal and an acid to produce a salt and is highly soluble in water. (Quote) Sodium Nitrate can be used as a fertilizer and as a material from the production of explosive gunpowder. Naturally gun powder is a rapid burning compound made of Carbon (C12) potassium nitrate, KNO3 and Sulfur and is used in guns because of its capacity to burn in a rapidly producing enough pressure to propel a bullet and not explode.(Quote) Sodium nitrate has antimicrobial properties when used as a food preservative. It can be used in the production of nitric acid by combining it with sulfuric acid. It can used as a substitute oxidizer used in fireworks as a replacement for potassium nitrate commonly found in gun powder. Because sodium nitrate can be used as a Phase Change Material it may be used for heat transfer in solar power plants. Imporantance of Nitrogen. Nitrogen gas (N2) is often used as a substitution for air which is a mixture of 78% nitrogen 78%), Oxygen 20%, and 1% of other gases such as Water Vapour Argon and Carbon dioxide (0.03%). where oxidation is undesirable. One area for use is to maintain the freshness to food products by packaging them in nitrogen gas to reduce the spoilage of food due to its properties for preventing oxidization which can cause Rancid unpleasant odour or taste of decomposing oils or fats (Quote). Argon has been used as replacement for air in light bulbs to prevent the heated tungsten filament from reacting with the oxygen found in air because Argon is an inert gas but is expensive so ammonia can be reverted back to Nitrogen gas by the process gentrification to replace Argon in light bulbs and is cheaper inert material than Argon. Nitrogen is also used as a controlled storage and Transportation measure food packages due to its capabities to be used as a noble gas, to extend the sheld life of fruits and vegetables and is now used during storage to displace most of the oxygen in the containers, thereby , slowing down the repiration and deterioration of food as proven in biochemistry as in aerobic respiration 32 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecules and 2 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecule which is a clear sign that respiration and deterioration of food occurs at 16 times slower during anaerobic respiration which respiration without the presence of oxygen, than respiration occurring aerobically which is respiration with oxygen present. Investigation Design To do this Investigation I will be using a simulator that allow we to change the conditions of the Haber process chamber and notice the change in the yield and work out the direction that the equiliburm will take with extra options such as catalysis. Firstly I had to decide what the 2 variables I would be looking at during this investigation and decided that the dependant variable will be the yield of ammonia that I would receive from running the simulations. The Controlled variable will be the temperature and atmospheric pressure that the reaction will be taking place. Another variable that I looked at was if the reaction will be taking place in the presence of a catalyst of not. It was decide that due to the lack of acquiring two or more simulations that were able to run the haber process reaction in the presence of a catalyst The uncontrolled variable would be required in this reaction because the aim of the reaction is to achieve a dynamic equilibrium which is a reaction in which the forward reaction and backward reaction are equal in a closed environment. Meaning all variables and atoms present are controlled and accounted for. Set both simulations at the same pressure and temperature to and begin the reaction recorded both results and create a table of results and find the mean of both tables. Redo the experiment changing the controlled variables every time and recording the yield of the reaction at those conditions Create a Graph using both the mean table to display the results that where shown in the table. This Is the haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature of 300oC and 191 atmospheric pressure. Which will give me the amount of ammonia produced in grams and will be working out in percentage of the nitrogen used to allow compatibility of the 2 different simulations that one will be using. Screen Shot 2 (Screen Shot to be taken off website ) (Blocked by school.) Is the Haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature that the Chateliers Principle indicates will be the most effective in the promotion of increasing the Yield. Because this Simulation cannot give the yield of the Haber process ammonia moles or grams I have to change the data received from the first simulation into compatible data. Results Simulation 1 (Changing the Temperature but keeping the pressure and 200) Pressure 1000 800 600 400 200 Temp 150 150 150 150 150 Yeild 57% 55% 53% 48% 35% From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states icreasing the pressure will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the right side of the reaction resulting in an increased yield of ammonia since there are more gas molecules Simulation 2 (changing the Pressure but keeping the Temperature at 150) Pressure Yield 1000 57% 800 55% 600 53% 400 48% 200 35% From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states the   Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. And the 0.8 ( r) shows that there is a high positive correlation between the yield amount The Curve tends to show that if the pressure was increased any more that 1000 the increment in the production of ammonia may not be justified for the amount of effort that will be put into creating a haber process camber at that atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium expression for this reaction is: Keq =[NH3]2/[N2][H2]3 Temperature (oC) Keq 25 6.4 x 102 200 4.4 x 10-1 300 4.3 x 10-3 400 1.6 x 10-4 500 1.5 x 10-5 As the temperature of increases, the equilibrium constant decreases as the yield of the ammonia decreases. http://nawabi.de/chemical/ammonia.asp The results of the Ka test agree with the graphs that simulation 1 and simulation 2 provided. As the Ka increases the PH reduces towards the more acidic range meaning the NH3 concentration increases meaning for the best yield of the Haber process, industry must obtain the highest level Ka. Conclusion. In conclusion the from the graphs and from the working out of the Keqi can state that the best conditions to process the haber process under is the lowest temperature that is usable because it increases the yield of the haber process in a linear regression which is a positive feedback increase in the yield of ammonia the optimized temperate was 200oC because it provided the highest yield. The other condition that was optimized during this experiment was pressure and after the experiment I found that the highest possible pressure is the optimum condition for this reaction to take place under. Because it gave the highest yield of ammonia compared to lower pressures which all provided lower yield. Evaluation The simulations that were used during this Essay were accurate enough to accept as possible theoretical yield but did not take into account of the possibility that some materials would be lost during the preparation for the haber process. It would have been better if I had more simulations and different type of simulations to check if the results I received from using these simulations were accurate or not and would increase the reliability of this experiment. The limitations to using this method were the some simulations couldnt operate a catalyst which limited the amount of results I was able to obtain and didnt factor in any cost effectiveness into the reaction. The haber process occurring in the presence of a catalysis does not affect the amount of NH3 that is produced by the reaction yet it only hastens the reaction by lowing the activation energy is takes for atoms to react. This would increase the rate of reaction without taking into consideration the geometric position that theses atoms need to react. A catalyst is a chemical that is used in a chemical reaction to speed up the rate of reaction with out the compound being used up in the reaction itself, meaning after the reaction the catalyst retains its structure and physical properties it had before the reaction took place. It works by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. The iron catalyst acts as a platform on which the Nitrogen and hydrogen atoms will bind on to before under going the reaction. The binding on to the catalyst is creates a transactional compound N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen Fe ammonia Another Factor that I should have researched was the rate of reaction and possibly to the cost effectiveness of having a lower rate of reaction over the time effectiveness of having a high rate or reactions. Looking at the effect that the rate or reaction would have on at equilibrium And working out possible ways to reduce the forward reaction to increase the yield of ammonia by adding a rate determining step for the forward reaction to encourage the forward reaction to reaction and produce ammonia but would discourage the backward reaction from according either by adding third party molecule such Sulphuric acid to create ammonium sulphate and can easily to separated by heating to 235oC because it sublimes to create ammonia and sulphuric acid and the gases are at different weights meaning using a gases filtration method and condense then separately. (NH4)2SO4(s) NH3(g) + H2SO4(g) Another improvement would be to calculate the H of the reaction while looking at and S of the reaction to allow to choose the most accurate best conditions for the reaction and most accurate cost effective option for the reaction. Because the having a positive H means the need more energy placed in which reduces the cost effectiveness of the reaction but may increase the yield of the ammonia while the G which measure reactions ability to reaction at room temperature which would increase the rate of reaction and the low temperature would mean the equilibrium would shift and allow the ammonia to be created in much more yield making the reaction cost effective and maximum conditions for the maximum yield. By working out the S and H I could use them to work out the amount of unused heat which is lost to the surroundings during the reaction, after this work out which reaction conditions provide the less heat lost to the surrounding while still providing an acceptable amount of yield. Afte r working out the H, G and S if would help me make a more informed decision on which of the reaction conditions provided current industry yield and cost and work out which conditions provided either current industry yield at a lower cost or improved yield at a higher cost and ultimately work out which conditions produced greatest yield and at the lost possible cost. Another improved for this experiment would be increasing the range of pressure that was used during the simulations because I noticed in the graphs that increasing the pressure post 1000 would make the production of ammonia not as effective as lower pressures are.